黃岡醫(yī)院污水處理設(shè)備

醫(yī)院污水的性質(zhì)指醫(yī)院產(chǎn)生的含病原體、重金屬、消毒劑、有機(jī)溶劑、酸、堿以及放射性等的污水。醫(yī)院產(chǎn)生污水的主要部門和設(shè)施有：診療室、化驗(yàn)室、病房、洗衣房、X光照醫(yī)院污水來(lái)源及成分復(fù)雜，含病原性微生物、有毒、有害的物理化學(xué)污染物和放射性污染等，具有空間污染、急性傳染和潛伏性傳染等特征，不經(jīng)**處理會(huì)成為一條疫病擴(kuò)散的重要途徑和嚴(yán)重污染環(huán)境。

1）醫(yī)院污水受到糞便、傳染性細(xì)菌和病毒等病原性微生物污染，具有傳染性，可以誘發(fā)疾病或造成傷害；

2）醫(yī)院污水中含有酸、堿、懸浮固體、BOD、COD和動(dòng)植物油等有毒、有害物質(zhì)；

3）牙科**、洗印和化驗(yàn)等過(guò)程產(chǎn)生污水含有重金屬、消毒劑、有機(jī)溶劑等，部分具有致癌、致畸或致突變性，危害人體并對(duì)環(huán)境有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)影響；

4）同位素**和診斷產(chǎn)生放射性污水。放射性同位素在衰變過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生a-、β-和γ-放射性，在人體內(nèi)積累而危害人體。

污水處理設(shè)備特點(diǎn)

處理原則

1全過(guò)程控制原則。對(duì)醫(yī)院污水產(chǎn)生、處理、排放的全過(guò)程進(jìn)行控制。

2減量化原則。嚴(yán)格醫(yī)院內(nèi)部衛(wèi)生安全管理體系，在污水和污物發(fā)生源處進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格控制和分離，醫(yī)院內(nèi)生活污水與病區(qū)污水分別收集，即源頭控制、清污分流。嚴(yán)禁將醫(yī)院的污水和污物隨意棄置排入下水道。
3就地處理原。則。為防止醫(yī)院污水輸送過(guò)程中的污染與危害，在醫(yī)院必須就地處理。
4分類指導(dǎo)原則。根據(jù)醫(yī)院性質(zhì)、規(guī)模、污水排放去向和地區(qū)差異對(duì)院污水處理進(jìn)行分類指導(dǎo)。
5達(dá)標(biāo)與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制相結(jié)合原則。**考慮綜合性醫(yī)院和傳染病醫(yī)院污水達(dá)標(biāo)排放的基本要求，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制意識(shí)，從工藝技術(shù)、工程建設(shè)和監(jiān)督管理等方面提高應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)性事件的能力。
6生態(tài)安全原則。**去除污水中有毒有害物質(zhì)，減少處理過(guò)程中消毒副產(chǎn)物產(chǎn)生和控制出水中過(guò)高余氯，保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境安全。

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，醫(yī)院污水的平均用水量為每張床位1000L/d左右。若醫(yī)院設(shè)有化糞池，二氧化氯的投加量可控制在25～30ppm。對(duì)于中、大型醫(yī)院，建議選用WHQ全自動(dòng)型二氧化氯發(fā)生器，對(duì)于小型醫(yī)院，建議選用WHB半自動(dòng)型二氧化氯發(fā)生器。醫(yī)院污水的水質(zhì)十分復(fù)雜，一般隨著用水量的增大，相應(yīng)的污染物濃度也越來(lái)越高，為緩解這一情況，醫(yī)院污水處理流程應(yīng)盡可能設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)節(jié)池，調(diào)節(jié)池不但可以調(diào)節(jié)水量，消滅高峰負(fù)荷，并可以調(diào)節(jié)水質(zhì)，使其處理效果不會(huì)因水質(zhì)變化而受到干擾。

二氧化氯消毒劑的投加點(diǎn)一般選擇在調(diào)節(jié)池之后。為保證取得良好的殺菌效果，污水和消毒劑在接觸消毒池中停留時(shí)間一般不應(yīng)小于1小時(shí)WH系列二氧化氯發(fā)生器還可根據(jù)流量信號(hào)或其他信號(hào)自動(dòng)控制發(fā)生器的運(yùn)行，確保接觸消毒池中二氧化氯的濃度，*殺滅有害微生物。醫(yī)院污水處理主要包括污水的預(yù)處理、物化或生化處理和消毒三部分。為防止病原微生物的二次污染，對(duì)污水處理過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的污泥和廢氣也要進(jìn)行處理。

預(yù)處理醫(yī)院污水進(jìn)行預(yù)處理的主要目的是去除污水中的固體污物，調(diào)節(jié)水質(zhì)水量和合理消納糞便，利于后續(xù)處理?；S池用于醫(yī)院污水處理的化糞池主要有普通化糞池和沼氣凈化池。普通化糞池和沼氣凈化池的原理是通過(guò)沉淀的作用先將有機(jī)固體污染物截留，然后通過(guò)厭氧微生物的作用將有機(jī)物降解。沼氣凈化池處理效率優(yōu)于普通化糞池?；S池的沉淀部分和腐化部分的計(jì)算容積，應(yīng)按《建筑給水排水設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》(GBJ15-88)。

黃岡醫(yī)院污水處理設(shè)備

 Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) is a new water treatment technology which combines membrane separation technology with biological treatment unit. The whole reaction is mainly composed of core membrane module, main reactor, aeration, cleaning and so on. Membrane separation is used instead of secondary clarifier in activated sludge process, which eliminates the return of residual sludge after secondary clarifier concentration in activated sludge process. Compared with MBR process, it also has the following advantages:
Membrane module can realize solid-liquid separation, and the separation effect is better than that of sedimentation tank. It does not need to worry about sludge. The water quality is good and the membrane can be directly reused when municipal sewage is used as water inlet.
Because of the interception of membrane, microorganisms can be completely intercepted in the bioreactor, and the hydraulic retention time and sludge age can be completely separated, which makes the operation control more flexible.
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Membrane-bioreactor can operate under high sludge concentration, with strong ability to resist water quality fluctuation, high volume load and small area.
Long sludge age is conducive to the interception and growth of proliferating microorganisms and the nitrification efficiency. Some refractory organic matter can also be retained in the reactor for medium hydraulic retention time, which can effectively detain the microorganisms that decompose refractory organic matter in the reactor, which is conducive to the degradation efficiency of refractory organic matter.
Membrane-bioreactor can be operated under high volumetric load and low sludge load, resulting in low excess sludge yield and sludge treatment cost.
The construction period is short, the construction cost is low, the installation is flexible, and according to the different treatment scale, it can be flexible, easy and equipment. At the same time, it is more convenient to transform the conventional biological treatment process into MBR.