別    名:5730485F04Rik; G protein coupled receptor 23; G-protein coupled receptor 23; GPR23; LPA receptor 4; LPA-4; LPA4; Lpar4; LPAR4_HUMAN; Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4; Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor P2Y9; P2RY9; P2Y purinoceptor 9; P2Y5 like; P2Y5-like receptor; Purinergic receptor 9.
研究領(lǐng)域:神經(jīng)生物學(xué)  通道蛋白  細胞膜受體  G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體  G蛋白信號

交叉反應(yīng):Human, Mouse,  (predicted: Rat, Dog, Pig, Cow, Rabbit, Sheep, )

產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用:WB=1:500-2000 ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500 （石蠟切片需做抗原修復(fù)）

not yet tested in other applications.

optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

免 疫 原:KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human P2Y9: 175-270/370 <Extracellular>

純化方法:affinity purified by Protein A

緩 沖 液:0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.

保存條件:Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

注意事項:This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.

產(chǎn)品介紹:Nucleotides are emerging as important extracellular signaling molecules that mediate several effects, such as proliferation, differentiation , chemotaxis and cytokine release. The P2 receptor family is activated by the binding of nucleotides and is divided into two subfamilies, P2X and P2Y. The P2X receptor family is comprised of ligand-gated ion channels that allow for the increased permeability of calcium into the cell in response to extracellular ATP. The P2Y receptor family are G protein-coupled receptors which mediate the effects of extracellular nucleotides, primarily through the activation of phospholipase C. To some extent, the P2Y receptors can also activate potassium channels or, alternatively, inhibit adenylate cyclase and N-type calcium channels in response to extracellular nucleotides. P2Y9 is activated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a lipid mediator involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and death. In hamsters, P2Y9 mRNA is significantly expressed in ovary tissue compared to other tissues, and innervation with 1-oleoly LPA increases intracellular calcium ion concentration and stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity. P2Y9 is structurally related to nucleotide receptors, and shares 20-24% amino acid homology with the three other LPA receptors (LPA1, LPA2, LPA3).

作為一種功能蛋白，抗體整體由四條多肽鏈構(gòu)成，分別為兩條結(jié)構(gòu)相同的輕鏈（L chain）和兩條結(jié)構(gòu)相同的重鏈（H chain），四條鏈形成典型的“Y"型抗體結(jié)構(gòu)。氨基酸序列比較研究表明，抗體的輕鏈和重鏈均由一系列的結(jié)構(gòu)相似的單元結(jié)構(gòu)域重復(fù)鏈接組成，每一個單元結(jié)構(gòu)域內(nèi)大約含有110個氨基酸殘基，被稱為Ig結(jié)構(gòu)域。Ig結(jié)構(gòu)域包含兩層β折疊，同時在β折疊內(nèi)部有一個二硫鍵?？贵w的一條輕鏈包含2個Ig結(jié)構(gòu)域，一條重鏈包含4~5個Ig結(jié)構(gòu)域。以IgG為例，IgG抗體輕鏈的兩個Ig結(jié)構(gòu)域分別為VL和CL，重鏈的4個Ig結(jié)構(gòu)域分別為VH、CH1、CH2和CH3。

抗體的輕鏈包含2個Ig結(jié)構(gòu)域，分別為V domain（VL）和C domain（CL）。每個Ig結(jié)構(gòu)域都由兩層β折疊（每層包含3~5股的β鏈）構(gòu)成，上圖的黃、綠、藍和紅色分別代表一層β折疊，可以按照顏色對應(yīng)β折疊在抗體的位置。下圖為輕鏈β折疊的平面模擬結(jié)構(gòu)圖，標(biāo)示了每股β鏈的連接順序。本圖中的黑色粗線連接代表兩層β折疊之間的二硫鍵，上圖標(biāo)示了二硫鍵的空間位置，下圖標(biāo)示了二硫鍵的水平連接示意。

IgA:屬于分泌型，二聚體（二個抗體手牽手）也就是可以出現(xiàn)在血液以外，例如唾液、淚液與乳汁，為什么強調(diào)初乳，因為初乳有高量的IgA可以提供寶寶良好的防御機制，可以說是第一線的防御抗體。

IgE:最常聽到的是他會引發(fā)過敏，那是不是一個不好的抗體啊？其實他在演化上是負責(zé)寄生蟲的防御，也發(fā)現(xiàn)有過敏的人在罹患癌癥的機率比正常人低，所以他或許在有其他我們不知道的機制存在喔。

IgG:量最多的抗體還分為四個亞型，就是我們身體內(nèi)最重要的防御系統(tǒng)，

IgM:這抗體很特別他是五聚體也就是五個抗體手牽手，他為為什么這這樣特別？因為他是免疫系統(tǒng)遇到外來攻擊時第一個被制造出來的抗體，

不是IgG？

（IgD：相對提到的少）